Plague — Black

: The disease traveled along major trade routes, reaching the Black Sea by the late 1340s.

: Genoese trading ships fleeing Kaffa carried infected rats and fleas to Mediterranean ports like Messina, Sicily, and eventually to Marseilles, Genoa, and Venice. 2. Biological Cause and Variants black plague

: The plague reportedly entered Europe during a Mongol siege of the Genoese port of Kaffa in Crimea. The Mongol army allegedly catapulted plague-infected corpses over the city walls, an early instance of biological warfare. : The disease traveled along major trade routes,

While the exact territorial origin is debated, scientific evidence points toward Central Asia or China. and eventually to Marseilles