Fundamentals Of Steel — Making

: This process primarily uses recycled steel scrap . High-power electric arcs melt the scrap, making it a highly efficient recycling method. 3. Secondary Steelmaking and Metallurgy

: In a Blast Furnace (BF) , these materials are heated. Coke acts as both a fuel and a reducing agent, removing oxygen from the iron ore to produce molten iron (or pig iron). Fundamentals of Steel Making

This stage transforms molten iron or scrap into crude steel by reducing carbon content and removing further impurities. : This process primarily uses recycled steel scrap

: High-purity oxygen is blown onto molten iron (often with some scrap). This oxidizes the excess carbon (dropping it from ~4% to below 1%) and other impurities. Fundamentals of Steel Making