Gradient - Moment 04 Direct

: Explain how flowing spins (blood, CSF) accumulate phase shifts relative to stationary tissue, leading to "ghosting" artifacts or signal loss in standard MRI sequences.

: Define a gradient moment as a measure of flow-sensitization (specifically the first-order moment, M1cap M sub 1 Gradient - Moment 04

: Introduce Gradient Moment Nulling (GMN) as a technique that modifies gradient waveforms so the net phase shift for moving spins is zero at the time of echo. 2. Theoretical Background : Explain how flowing spins (blood, CSF) accumulate