✅ Through the systematic application of qualitative reagents, we successfully identified the organic compounds. The experiment demonstrates that the chemical properties of functional groups allow for the precise differentiation of substances within different homologous series.
To perform the identification, the following reagents are required: Freshly prepared (copper(II) hydroxide), formed by mixing NaOHcap N a cap O cap H CuSO4cap C u cap S cap O sub 4 Blue litmus paper or universal indicator. Na2CO3cap N a sub 2 cap C cap O sub 3 (sodium carbonate) or NaHCO3cap N a cap H cap C cap O sub 3 (sodium bicarbonate). Test tubes, a spirit lamp, and a test tube holder. 3. Execution of Qualitative Tests Step A: Identifying Carboxylic Acids (e.g., Acetic Acid) khimiia 10 klass rudzitis 2 prakticheskaia rabota
2CH3COOH+Na2CO3→2CH3COONa+H2O+CO2↑2 cap C cap H sub 3 cap C cap O cap O cap H plus cap N a sub 2 cap C cap O sub 3 right arrow 2 cap C cap H sub 3 cap C cap O cap O cap N a plus cap H sub 2 cap O plus cap C cap O sub 2 up arrow Step B: Identifying Polyhydric Alcohols (e.g., Glycerol) Na2CO3cap N a sub 2 cap C cap
Below is a structured report (essay-style) for this practical work. 1. Define the Objective a spirit lamp
Carboxylic acids can be identified by their acidity or their reaction with carbonates. Add a drop of litmus or a small amount of Na2CO3cap N a sub 2 cap C cap O sub 3 to the sample. Observation: Litmus turns red; Na2CO3cap N a sub 2 cap C cap O sub 3 produces effervescence (bubbles of CO2cap C cap O sub 2 Equation:
CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2ΔCH3COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2Ocap C cap H sub 3 cap C cap H cap O plus 2 cap C u open paren cap O cap H close paren sub 2 cap C cap H sub 3 cap C cap O cap O cap H plus cap C u sub 2 cap O down arrow positive 2 cap H sub 2 cap O 4. Summary Table of Results Na2CO3cap N a sub 2 cap C cap O sub 3 Gas evolution ( CO2cap C cap O sub 2 Glycerol Bright blue solution Aldehyde / Glucose Brick-red precipitate 5. Final Conclusion
The primary goal of this experiment is to use qualitative chemical reactions to identify unknown organic substances in test tubes, such as . 2. Prepare Reagents and Equipment