Towards the end of the century, a group of young, Western-educated officers and intellectuals—the —emerged. They advocated for a constitutional monarchy and more radical modernization to prevent the total collapse of the state. Key Vocabulary for This Section Sultan : The supreme ruler of the Ottoman Empire.
: The authority of the Sultans declined as local governors and military elites (such as the Janissaries) sought more independence. Towards the end of the century, a group
Para 26 in the textbook (authored by V. V. Noskov and T. P. Andreevskaya) typically covers The Decline of the Ottoman Empire or the processes of modernization and colonial expansion in Asia. : The authority of the Sultans declined as
During the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire, once a dominant global power, faced internal decay and external pressure from European nations. This period is often referred to as the era of the "Sick Man of Europe." 1. Internal Crisis and Fragmentation Noskov and T
: Britain and France often supported the Ottoman Empire to prevent Russia from becoming too powerful in the region. 3. Attempts at Reform: The Tanzimat