: Defined through tools like the Big Five Model (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Openness) and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).
: The ability to work with, understand, and motivate people.
: Explores how individuals interpret their environment and common biases like anchoring or confirmation bias that affect rational choice. 2. The Group Level Organizational Behavior (Stephen Robbins)
Focuses on internal psychological factors that drive single employees' actions and performance.
Investigates the overarching environment and structure that houses individual and group behaviors. : Defined through tools like the Big Five
: The shared values and unwritten rules that guide member behavior; a strong culture aligns with goals and enhances cohesion.
: Robbins synthesizes multiple theories, such as Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs , Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, and Expectancy Theory, to explain what drives employee effort. : The shared values and unwritten rules that
: How work is divided and coordinated (e.g., matrix or functional designs), which impacts communication and decision-making speed.