D=TonT×100%cap D equals the fraction with numerator cap T sub o n end-sub and denominator cap T end-fraction cross 100 %
An LC filter (inductor and capacitor) is used to smooth the pulsed signal into a stable DC output. Primary Converter Topologies Pulse Width Modulated DC-DC Converters
PWM DC-DC converters are categorized based on their ability to step voltage up or down: D=TonT×100%cap D equals the fraction with numerator cap
The primary mechanism of a PWM converter is the , which is the ratio of the switch "on-time" ( Toncap T sub o n end-sub ) to the total switching period ( Pulse Width Modulated DC-DC Converters