Focuses on surgical and mechanical treatments, including fracture management , joint stabilization (such as cranial cruciate ligament disease), and limb deformity correction.
A broad category including congenital conditions like hip and elbow dysplasia , degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis , and metabolic bone diseases. Clinical Methodology Small Animal Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musc...
Musculoskeletal Disorders (Congenital and Inherited) in Dogs Focuses on surgical and mechanical treatments
The field encompasses a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosing and treating disorders of the bones, joints, muscles, and supporting structures in dogs and cats. including fracture management
Deals with inflammatory and immune-mediated conditions, such as immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) and septic arthritis .
Practitioners use a structured approach to manage these complex cases: