Known for incredibly vivid and brilliant shades.
Links the chromophore to the reactive system. ⚗️ The Reaction Mechanism The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes. Reactive Dyes
A major challenge where the dye reacts with water instead of the fibre, creating "spent" dye that must be washed away. Known for incredibly vivid and brilliant shades
While reactive dyes are safer than many older synthetics (like those using heavy metals), they require large amounts of salt and water for the fixation and rinsing processes. Modern research focuses on "low-salt" dyes and increasing the to reduce chemical waste. While reactive dyes are safer than many older
Common in dyes. The chlorine atom on the dye molecule is displaced by the hydroxyl ( OHcap O cap H ) group of the cellulose or the amino ( NH2cap N cap H sub 2 ) group of protein fibres. Result: A stable carbon-oxygen or carbon-nitrogen bond. 2. Nucleophilic Addition