The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650 -

: Early conquests moved the capital into Europe (Thrace).

(r. 1512–1520) shifted focus to the Islamic heartlands: Defeated the Safavids in Persia. The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650

used massive cannons to breach the "impregnable" walls of Constantinople. He renamed it Istanbul , turning it into a thriving cosmopolitan hub and ending the Byzantine Empire. Expansion East and South : Early conquests moved the capital into Europe (Thrace)

: The system of recruiting and training talented Christian boys for the bureaucracy or military. The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650