Unlike road marathons, ultras often involve rugged terrain, extreme elevation changes, and sleep deprivation [3]. Success depends more on "durability" and mental fortitude than raw speed [34, 36].
In the world of sports, an "Ultra" is any race longer than a standard 42.195 km (26.2 mile) marathon, with common distances being 50 km, 100 km, and 100 miles [3, 12, 17]. Ultras
In many regions, Ultras are powerful political actors. They have played roles in revolutions (e.g., Egypt’s Arab Spring) and often represent marginalized social groups [20, 21, 27]. Unlike road marathons, ultras often involve rugged terrain,