Most industrial and hobbyist drivers use a simple two- or three-wire logic interface: Stepper Motors Basics: Types, Uses, and Working Principles

The actuator that converts the electrical pulses into mechanical rotation. Standard Control Interfaces

Acts as the power interface. It receives low-power pulses from the controller and switches high-power current to the motor's windings in the correct sequence.

Generates digital step and direction pulses. Common controllers include microcontrollers (like Arduino), PLCs, or dedicated CNC boards.